Do Fibroids Burst? A Comprehensive Guide for Women’s Health

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are noncancerous tumors that grow in or on the uterus. Millions of women develop fibroids at some point in their lives, and for many, these growths cause little to no discomfort. However, while fibroids are generally considered benign and manageable, a common concern many women have is whether fibroids can burst.

The idea of a fibroid bursting may sound alarming, and although it is extremely rare, it is medically possible under certain circumstances. Understanding how and why this occurs can help you recognize symptoms early and seek timely care when necessary.

Can a Fibroid Really Burst?

Fibroids are made of dense, fibrous, muscular tissue. Because they are solid growths, they do not burst like fluid-filled cysts. Instead, a fibroid “burst” typically refers to a rupture, hemorrhage, or tearing of tissue either inside the fibroid or around its attachment to the uterus.

A rupture is most likely to happen when a fibroid is under significant stress, experiences sudden trauma, or outgrows its blood supply. Although cases of fibroid rupture are documented, they remain extremely uncommon, and most women with fibroids will never experience this complication.

Causes and Risk Factors of Fibroid Rupture

While rupture is rare, certain conditions may increase the likelihood of it occurring. These include:

1. Outgrowing Their Blood Supply

Large fibroids sometimes grow faster than the blood vessels feeding them. When this happens, the tissue inside the fibroid may begin to die, a process known as degeneration. In very rare cases, degeneration may advance to the point where the fibroid weakens and ruptures.

2. Pedunculated Fibroids Twisting

Some fibroids grow on a narrow stalk attached to the uterus. These are called pedunculated fibroids. If the stalk twists, it can cut off blood flow to the fibroid, leading to severe pain, tissue death, and potentially rupture.

3. Trauma or Injury

A strong blow or injury to the lower abdomen—such as from a fall, accident, or intense pressure—may damage the fibroid’s structure, causing bleeding or rupture.

4. Increased Internal Pressure

Sudden, extreme increases in abdominal or vascular pressure may stress blood vessels inside the fibroid, increasing the risk of internal bleeding or tearing.

5. Pregnancy-Related Growth

Pregnancy causes increased blood flow and hormone levels that may cause fibroids to grow rapidly. While rupture during pregnancy is rare, the rapid growth and pressure inside the uterus may contribute to complications.

Symptoms of a Burst or Ruptured Fibroid

A ruptured fibroid is considered a medical emergency because it may involve internal bleeding or significant pain. Symptoms may include:

• Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain
• Heavy vaginal bleeding, especially unexpected bleeding between periods
• Internal bleeding, which may not always be visible
• Fever or signs of infection
• Dizziness, fainting, or rapid heartbeat due to blood loss
• Abdominal swelling or tenderness

If rupture occurs during pregnancy, additional complications may arise, including increased uterine strain or risks to the fetus.

Women who experience any of these symptoms should seek emergency medical care immediately, as prompt treatment reduces the risk of serious complications.

Rupture vs. Fibroid Degeneration: Understanding the Difference

It’s important not to confuse rupture with degeneration. Fibroid degeneration is much more common and occurs when a fibroid loses its blood supply, causing the tissue to break down. This can result in pain, cramps, or mild fever, but it usually resolves on its own and is not life-threatening.

In contrast, a rupture involves tearing or bleeding either inside the fibroid or at its attachment point. This is far more dangerous and requires immediate medical attention.

How Common Is Fibroid Rupture?

Fibroid rupture is extremely rare. Most fibroids remain stable for years, and many shrink naturally after menopause. Even in cases of large fibroids or pregnancy-related growth, rupture is not commonly seen.

Because of how uncommon it is, there is limited scientific research on exactly why some fibroids rupture and others do not. What is clear is that rupture typically happens only under unusual or extreme conditions.

What to Do If You Suspect a Fibroid Has Burst?

If you have fibroids and you experience intense abdominal pain, heavy bleeding, or any symptoms associated with blood loss, seek medical attention immediately. Healthcare providers may perform imaging tests to determine whether a fibroid has ruptured or if another condition such as degeneration or a torsion is responsible for your symptoms.

Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications and ensure your safety.

Final Thoughts

While the idea of a fibroid bursting is frightening, the good news is that this type of complication is incredibly rare. Most fibroids do not rupture, and many women manage their fibroid symptoms with non-surgical treatments, lifestyle adjustments, or interventional procedures when needed. Staying informed, paying attention to your symptoms, and seeking prompt care when something feels wrong can help you maintain your reproductive health and peace of mind. For expert guidance and treatment options, USA Fibroid Centers is here to help.