Intramural Leiomyoma of Uterus: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – USA Fibroid Centers

Intramural leiomyoma of the uterus, most often called intramural fibroid, is a benign growth that originates within the muscular wall of the uterus. It is the most common type of uterine fibroid, and its presence can either be silent or bring about a wide range of distressing symptoms if left unaddressed. The team at USA Fibroid Centers specializes in modern, evidence-based, minimally invasive treatments for this condition.

What is Intramural Leiomyoma?

Intramural leiomyomas are benign tumors that develop and expand inside the muscle of the uterine wall. These growths are non-cancerous but may cluster, growing in number or size and sometimes leading to an enlarged uterus. The specific causes remain vague; however, hormonal imbalances (notably estrogen), genetics, early menopause, and lifestyle factors such as obesity play important roles in increasing risk. While some contributing factors are impossible to alter, maintaining a healthy body weight may help reduce risk.

Core Symptoms and Impact

Symptoms vary from woman to woman, as some will have no symptoms while others may experience daily impairment. Watch for these key signs:

  • Persistent pelvic or lower back pain, particularly as the fibroids grow in size.

  • Heavy or uncommonly frequent menstrual periods, which can result in anemia and ongoing fatigue.

  • Abdominal swelling or a noticeable bulge, sometimes mistaken for pregnancy or weight gain.

  • Issues with the bladder or bowel, including frequent urination, problems voiding the bladder, or constipation due to pressure from a growing uterus.

  • Increased fatigue, particularly from iron deficiency related to blood loss.

If any of these symptoms occur or interfere with your daily activities, consulting with a fibroid specialist is essential.

Types and Classifications

Intramural fibroids are named by their precise location within the uterus:

  • Anterior intramural fibroid: front of uterus

  • Posterior intramural fibroid: back of uterus

  • Fundal intramural fibroid: upper part of uterus

Other kinds of fibroids include subserosal (outside wall), submucosal (inside lining), and pedunculated types (attached by a stalk). Each variant can bring unique issues that require clear diagnosis and treatment.

Effects on Menstruation and Fertility

Intramural leiomyomas may significantly impact menstrual flow and fertility. These growths enlarge the uterine surface area, sometimes resulting in heavier and irregular periods. Large fibroids or those close to the uterine lining may create fertility challenges or cause complications during pregnancy, such as bleeding or miscarriage-like symptoms.

How Intramural Leiomyoma Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis often begins with a pelvic exam, but imaging is critical for a complete evaluation. Common techniques used are ultrasound, MRI, CT, and hysterosalpingogram (HSG). These tests determine the exact size, location, and number of fibroids and inform a tailored treatment plan.

Advanced Treatment at USA Fibroid Centers

USA Fibroid Centers is committed to offering minimally invasive care for intramural leiomyoma, particularly through Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE). This outpatient procedure avoids major surgery. Using imaging, a specialist inserts a catheter to deliver particles that cut off blood supply to the fibroid, causing it to gradually shrink. Most women experience a reduction in symptoms within weeks and can maintain normal uterine function without major surgery or extended downtime.

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